Analysis of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe :: essays research papers

?The Raven? by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe?s ?The Raven? is a dark reflection on lost love, death, and loss of hope. The poem examines the emotions of a young man who has lost his lover to death and who tries unsuccessfully to distract himself from his sadness through books. Books, however, prove to be of little help, as his night becomes a nightmare and his solitude is shattered by a single visitor, the raven. Through this poem, Poe uses symbolism, imagery and t unrivalled, as well as a variety of poetic elements to follow out his theme of sadness and death of the one he loves. Within the poem Poe divides the characters and imagery into two conflicting aspects of debile and dark. Almost everything in the poem reflects one world or the other. For example, Lenore, who is repeatedly described as ?radiant? epitomizes the world of light along with the angels she has joined. Another image of light would be the lamplight the character uses to light his chamber, his refuge from the darkness of the outside. However, The Raven, as well as the dreary December night shows signs of darkness. These images of light and darkness go even further to represent flavor and death, the man?s hope of an afterlife with Lenore and his fear of everlasting desolation. The poem consists of an undeniable narrative structure. Told from the third person, Poe also uses symbolism to create a buckram melancholy tone. For instance, both midnight and December symbolize an end of something and the hope of something new to happen. Another example is the chamber in which the narrator is placed, this is used to show the loneliness of the man. Along with imagery and symbolism, Poe incorporates many poetic elements to express his feeling. These include assonance, alliteration, and rhyme. Assonance is the repetition of vowel toilsomes. For example ?For the race and radiant maiden, whom the angels name Lenore.? This repeats the vowel sound of ?a?. Poe also used a lot of alliteration. For exam ple, ?Doubting dreaming dreams no mortal level, dared to dream before?. Notice the repetition of the ?d? sound. i last element used in ?The Raven? is rhyme.

Power Play in Samuel Beckett’s Endgame Essay -- Samuel Beckett Endgame

Power Play in Samuel Becketts EndgameIn a shelter devoid of sunlight and laughter, the family in Samuel Becketts Endgame solely struggle to find their niches within their world. Central to the consort physically and emotionally, Hamm has the mogul to make the others revolve around him. Clov, physically the healthiest in the family, has a power that even up Hamm could not define until very late in the play. Nagg and Nell, the elderly parents of Hamm, hold the power of memories. Although some characters may appear weaker than the others at times, Hamm, Clov, Nagg and Nell all hold a source of power, resulting in a weak type of mutualism in the family dynamics.Hamm is blind and unable to stand. However, sitting in a chair at the focalize of the room, he is the axis of power in the family. Hamm repeatedly says, Outside of here its death (2475) and, according to Clovs observations, the world outside has indeed been forsaken by nature and is awash in desolation. Therefore, as the owner of the shelter, Hamm has the power to protect Clov, Nagg, and Nell. Hamm makes the house rules even though he does not have the physical ability to enforce the rules Ill give you just enough to keep you from dying. Youll be hungry all the time (2474). There is nowhere else to go, so in vow to survive, everyone abides by Hamms commands. Clov humours Hamm, because it is Hamm who took him into the shelter when Clov was a child. With a paternal power over Clov, Hamm has the power to make Clov suffer. He controls Clov like a puppeteer, telling the last mentioned to withdraw or to go close to him. Using Clov as a physical extension of himself, Hamm is able to bottle his father Nagg when the latter complains he is unable to eat the hard bisc... ...dysfunctional family, amidst their painful existence, manages balance their powers and to mutually co-exist. Words have much power, and Hamm retains his grip on his family by his commands. However, Clov Hamms eyes and limbs has p ower that matches Hamms, because if Clov leaves, no one will be able to physically support them. Nagg and Nell have the power of words and memories, as well as that of listening skills. They are the entire audience for Hamm, who feels that dialogue is his main reason for living. Without them, Hamm will have no more reasons to continue living. Precariously balanced, the power play in Becketts play is like that of its title an endgame fraught with dangers and overshadowed with doom.Works CitedBeckett, Samuel. Endgame. 1958. Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. 2 vols. New York Norton, 2000, 2 2472-2500.

Migrant Workers in China Essay -- Chinese Migrant Workers

subgenus Chen Hong Xia is one of the 250 million migrators in chinas growing economy. These migrant workers be the flock who support Chinas whole economy, without them China will not be where it is now. Although they be crucial in Chinas growth, migrant workers are treated with disrespect. Chen Hong Xia is one of the luckier migrant workers. She was able to work her way out of poverty into a better future. There are many similarities amidst Chen Hong Xia and most migrants in China, but there are also many differences. These include their expectations, working environment, living environment and children.Like many of the migrant workers in China, Chen Hong Xia wanted a better future in the city and find a job with good working conditions and high wages. Chen Hong Xia comes from a sm wholly town in Shandong province, she grew up on a farm producing rice and corn. Although there were many job opportunities in Shan Dong province, all the jobs were agricultural jobs that offered low pay and required lots of physical activity. In the movie Last Train Home directed by Lixin Fan, Qin left Sichuan state of matter and went to Dong Guan city because she wanted more money and be able to pursue her dreams. Many of Chinas younger generation of migrant workers are abandoning agricultural production and moving permanently to the city. (Zhou Jing, Chinas cutting Generation Of Migrant Workers) They are refusing to work under hard conditions. Unlike the preceding generation they never experienced the bitterness of life. In the past migrant workers were thankful to just have food, todays migrants start universe picky, expecting high salary, less physical jobs, basic benefits and better working conditions. (Michelle Loyalka, Chinese Labor, Cheap No More) Zhou Ji... .... 2014.Chang, Leslie T. US Misses Full Truth On China Factory Workers. CNN.com. Cable News Network, 1 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.Connor, Neil. Beijings Rat Tribe Scurry From High Costs Underground. Yahoo.c om. Yahoo.com, 21 Jan. 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.Fan, Lixin, dir. Last Train Home. EyeSteelFilm, 2009. Film. Gapper, John. Chinas Migrant Workers Expect More. Ft.com. pecuniary Times, 7 Sept. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.Grindley, Sally. Spilled Water. New York Bloomsbury, 2004. Print.Hays, Jeffery. Migrant Workers in China. Factsanddetails.com. Factsanddetails.com, Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014Jing, Zhou. Chinas New Generation of Migrant Workers. China.org.cn. China.org.cn, 26 Oct. 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.Loyalka, Michelle D. Chinese Labor, Cheap No More. Nytimes.com. The New York Times, 17 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2014.

Free Essays on Homers Odyssey: Penelopes Enduring Faithfulness :: Odyssey essays

Penelopes Enduring Faithfulness in Homers Odyssey   Penelope, the wife of Odysseus, can be contrasted in confused ways to the other characters in Homers poem The Odyssey. In many ways, Penelope embodies the ideal woman, in that she conforms to the values and ideals of her society. These ideals include trustworthyness, loyalty, willpower, long-suffering, pride in ones home and family, and cordial reception to strangers.   The majority of the other characters in the poem lack one or more of these attributes. Although Odysseus proves to be a character of strong will and determination end-to-end the Trojan War and the trials he endured at sea, he demonstrates weakness and wavering resolve when he is faced with sexual temptation. For example, when enticed by Circe to mingle and make love, Odysseus submits to her appeals and enters her unflawed bed of love, thus committing adultery against his wife Penelope (Book X). When Circe tells Odysseus to remain with her, he coul d not help consenting. Odysseus remains with Circe and continues to be unfaithful to Penelope for the duration of a year. It is only after hearing the appeals of his men that Odysseus decides to head back out to sea. Later, Odysseus has another adulterous relationship with the nymph Kalypso. This relationship endures for seven years. Throughout his catch on Kalypsos island, Odysseus weeps for Penelope, yet he continues to lie with Kalypso every night (Book V). In contrast, Penelope exemplifies tremendous will power and resourcefulness in that she remains faithful to Odysseus throughout his exile. While awaiting her husbands return, Penelope endures perpetual insolence and sexual advances from the suitors who invade her household. Penelope rebuffs the advances of the suitors and remains a devoted and faithful wife. Deferring the suitors is no easy assign therefore Penelope is very resourceful and goes to great lengths to postpone marriage to one of them. She puts the men off for three years by promising to connect one of them upon her completion of a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes. In order to delay the completion of the shroud, she unravels her work every night (Book II, p. 223). Penelope also in camera sends promises to each of the suitors in order to divide them so that they will not unanimously demand a decision from her as to which one she

A Tale of Two Cities Essays: A Critical Analysis -- Tale Two Cities Es

A Critical Analysis of A Tale of 2 Cities   Three Works Cited        A Tale of Two Cities is a novel that is very complex and intense. Once you get to know the characters you can feel what they atomic number 18 going through and form a kind of bond with them. A Tale of Two Cities grabs the readers attention with the history of revolutions in the solid ground and the generations of that time, but it also keeps the reader reading with a sense of a pure violence that is hard to create.   The combination of critical literary and historical methods brings reveal the novels complex structure and intense impact on the reader. Dickens brings out the historical side of the square-toed age with examples and details of the French Revolution and Victorian Revolt. Lee Sterrenburg says that Dickens vision of the revolution was probably influenced by a personal day dream only he can fathom. But he is adequate to(p) to render his day dreams in terms of a p ublicly Victorian Iconography. (Hutter 37) The Victorian revolt happened late in the Victorian Age and was a turn po...

Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short Stories :: Free Essay Writer

Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short StoriesThe dead story dates back as early as the 14th Century. It offers what a story or the equivalent would offer but it has a swiftness and completeness about it. According to Ruby Redinger, the presently story is most powerful through written narration (752). The short story has captured a diverse group of things from the supernatural to an everyday occurrence. Nearly any situation can be worked into a short story if the right writer is managing the idea. The first masters of the short story in the eyes of Redinger were Boccaccio, Decameron, and Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (752). These stories were both written during the 14th Century. During the Renaissance period the short story lost its edge and writers attempts to do what Boccaccio and Chaucer had done failed. In the 19th Century America was the first to declare the short story as a literary form. During this time the authors Edgar Allan Poe, Washington Irving, and Nathanie l Hawthorn contributed to the survival of the short story. During this timeframe realism, romanticism, and impressionism were the more common literary movements. The short story can also use many a(prenominal) other forms and types of criticism to describe it. A few different forms are surrealism, Dadaism, Imagism, Romanticism, and many others.The satire is both a type of literature and a literary manner. It has an early history in poetry as a genre. C. Hugh Holman states that it originated in the 2nd Century B.C. by Roman satirist Lucilius and later practiced by Horace, Persius, Juvenal, and Quintilian (294). A satire is more frequently a literary manner in which the imperfections of a person, entire mankind, or an institution are ridiculed with the intention of correcting them. derision is also applied to magic songs and ritualistic incentives in Greek, Old Irish, and Arabic literatures, where the ritual curse was believed to have powerful effects. The satire is often confused w ith the forest god play of Greek drama and coarse comic manner. This has influenced and confused the ideas about a satire in English literature. Although the satire is often comic, its primary intent is not to provoke general laughter but to provoke laughter for corrective purposes. The satire always has a target, which is held up to mock upon the satirists unveiling. The satirists viewpoint is nearly that of the cold-eyed realist, that penetrates shame and pretense for a didactic reason.

Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short Stories :: Free Essay Writer

Types of Criticism and Literary Movements in Short StoriesThe shortsightedly story dates back as early as the 14th Century. It offers what a sweet or the equivalent would offer but it has a swiftness and completeness about it. According to Ruby Redinger, the short story is most powerful through pictorial narration (752). The short story has captured a diverse group of things from the supernatural to an everyday occurrence. Nearly any situation can be worked into a short story if the right writer is managing the idea. The first masters of the short story in the eyes of Redinger were Boccaccio, Decameron, and Chaucer, Canterbury Tales (752). These stories were both written during the 14th Century. During the Renaissance period the short story lost its edge and writers attempts to do what Boccaccio and Chaucer had done failed. In the 19th Century America was the first to declare the short story as a literary form. During this time the authors Edgar Allan Poe, Washington Irving, and Nathaniel Hawthorn contributed to the survival of the short story. During this timeframe realism, romanticism, and impressionism were the more common literary movements. The short story can also use many an(prenominal) other forms and types of criticism to describe it. A few different forms are surrealism, Dadaism, Imagism, Romanticism, and many others.The satire is both a type of literature and a literary manner. It has an early history in poetry as a genre. C. Hugh Holman states that it originated in the 2nd Century B.C. by Roman satirist Lucilius and later practiced by Horace, Persius, Juvenal, and Quintilian (294). A satire is more frequently a literary manner in which the imperfections of a person, entire mankind, or an institution are ridiculed with the intention of correcting them. badinage is also applied to magic songs and ritualistic incentives in Greek, Old Irish, and Arabic literatures, where the ritual curse was believed to have powerful effects. The satire is often c onfused with the letch play of Greek drama and coarse comic manner. This has influenced and confused the ideas about a satire in English literature. Although the satire is often comic, its primary object is not to provoke general laughter but to provoke laughter for corrective purposes. The satire always has a target, which is held up to mock upon the satirists unveiling. The satirists viewpoint is nearly that of the cold-eyed realist, that penetrates shame and pretense for a didactic reason.

Julius Caesar on Honour

Despite the word celebrate being used frequently in the snap, in that respect is little evidence of it coifually being demonstrated in the play. Do you agree? In Shakespearean Julius Caesar the idea of recognise was a central element to the play. By definition reinforce involves a sense of self-sacrifice and the quality of knowing and doing virtuallything morally right although this definition was challenged by characters trying to balance personal honor and national honor. legion(predicate) circumstances in the play occurred due to the characters attempting to be honorable and others acting in spite of it.Although the word honor was mentioned numerous generation t here was little evidence of characters actually displaying this trait. This essay will explore characters that didnt show honor and had negative traits hardly also cover the little honor that was shown, by characters such as Brutes. Honor was spoken about more than it was shown just there is still some evidence of honor displayed in this play. Many characters in the play, Julius Caesar, did not show honor towards others in many different situations.There was a large use of the word honor, especially in the scene here Antonym was addressing the audience, but the word was overused and sarcastic. For Brutes is an honorable man, So are they all, all honorable men (3. 2. 74) Antonym stated that all the conspirators were honorable and by this he was trying to persuade the audience to disagree with this statement. This speech mentioned honor numerous times but there was no sincerity about it being displayed. both the conspirators apparently killed Caesar for all of Rome but we know that especially with Cassias and Case, that they did it not only for Rome but for themselves. L was born free as Caesar so were you We both have fed as well, and e can both Endure the winters cold as well as he (1. 2. 97) Cassias was Jealous of Careers indicator and therefore the killing of Caesar from the view of C assias and Case was ignoble. Also Decides convinced and lied to Caesar about coming to the senate and played on Caesar weaknesses which was dishonorable. To honor someone in this play sometimes meant that it would be dishonorable to others. This was displayed a lot in the play as characters struggled to choose between personal and national honor.What was right for the city was harm for Caesar, which is what al the conspirators positions. They had to choose, especially Brutes, to honor their friend or their city. With the influences of Cassias for Brutes the choice was make and it was an honorable act in the eyes of some but obviously the capital punishment of a friend was quite the opposite. This was also a problem with Antonym Careers spirit, ranging for revenge, With Ate by his side, come hot from hell (3. 1. 270) Antonym needed to honor the memory of his close friend by killing the conspirators.This could be seen as an honorable act because he needed to stand by his friend but it as also a savage act of proclaiming war with many causing numerous deaths, such as Brutes, Tinnitus, Case and many more. Therefore the act of being honorable was diminished as it wasnt an honorable act to all. Honor was a trait spoken about more than displayed but there was some displays of honorable and righteous actions. Brutes was a very honorable character through and throughout the whole play and was the only character who stuck by his values. Set honor in one eye and death I the rather die than be dishonorable and throughout the play he displays this many mimes. Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. (3. 2. 22) He talks about honoring Rome over honoring his friend Caesar. Some may say this is dishonorable but Brutes never had bad intentions and Just wanted what was best for everyone. In Brutes speech he wanted to tell the audience what happened honestly and he made an effort with Antonym also, although that didnt end up being a wise decision. Even at th e end, when Brutes committed suicide, it was about honor.He did not want to be captured and paraded through his fellow Romans so he had Strata, a fellow of a good respect, to assist him to kill himself and to calm the ghost of Caesar. From studying many characters in Julius Caesar, it is obvious that honor is a central concept in the play. Although this is the case, having examined the characters and their actions honorable actions are not shown in most situations. While this is the case with the majority of characters, there is the exception of Brutes and some characters who attempt to have good intentions and act honorably. Overall honor is spoken about a lot more then it is displayed.

Lingerie A Fashion Statement Fashion Essay

Many grownup females today atomic number 18 feel for good trades on lacing adumbrate apparel. This type of sexy unmentionable is a fabulous thought to spice things up, or merely to experience slightly glamourous. In the yesteryear, in order to clear high quality lacing, you would hold to pass a batch of money and clip seeking for a shop that would be selling it with aside the high mark off up that these things get. The great huge bulk of people that are seeking for lacing is happening that in that location is so much more online than of in all eon before. If you look at the commercialism universe in footings of history, you will cognize that there is a big turning place of people that are face for great merchandises online from the comfort of their office chair or computing machine. Seriously, is nt that great, modern engineering has come up to the degrees that consumers truly want.It s non merely adult females that are happening these shops intriguing, there is a big part of people that are noteing that they put up order a batch of merchandises from their place and have them delivered. You fuel acquire these points delivered to your house with the greatest of easiness. It is an unbelievable thing to bask lacing intimate apparel, and people should truly understand how great things are now that there is more information out at that place to bask. If information in a sense is power, you have the power of a great consumer to travel out at that place and acquire the best trades on grownup intimate apparel and unmentionables for personal or recreational uses.Surely, non everyone in the universe is truly looking for lacing intimate apparel. However, there is a great sum of people and places that receive catalogs. If you are looking to spice up your ain demeanor, or the life of your spouse, you can make so with have oning a nice lacing merchandise. Lace is really nice and soft, making a nice cognitive power for your partner or spouse.Looking for good ma terial online is easy. The cyberspace has given us a major sum of power in respects to consumer shopping. You can truly look into comparing shopping with the touch of a button. You have to set this into position. If you were to desire to buy lacing intimate apparel back in the yearss before the cyberspace roar, you were looking frontward to a batch of clip spent traveling shop to hive away. If you make it to a shop that sells these points, you would so hold to seek each one on, and most likely non happen the size you need. The job here is that shops do non ever carry the sizes of all adult females, furthermore they merely order what is popular in their country, non what the possible consumer might desire. 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So what are you waiting for? Go shoot out to your nearest trader mercantile establishment to acquire clasp of your interior dreams and purchase sexy intimate apparel.

Org Behaviou

Table of Contents 1. 0 Introduction2 2. 0 Initial Situation Case Analysis2 2. 1 The History of Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)2 2. 2 Peter R. Dolan3 2. 3 What is clopidogrel bisulfate? 3 2. 4 clopidogrel bisulfate Generic Drug Agreements4 2. 5 Dolans Fate5 3. 0 Questions and Answers6 3. 1 Q1) What principles of immanent Negotiation did Sherman accustom to gain his advantage? 6 3. 2 Q2 ) Do you think Sherman be gaind ethic ally? Why or why non? 7 3. 3 Q3) What does this incident tell you ab bulge out the lineament of delusion in duologue? 9 4. 0 Conclusion10 1. 0 IntroductionAll organisations form an integral part of the global village. Therefore organisations have be inject reach systems due to deregulation, ever changing technology, lifestyle and demographics. In order to be triumphant in todays dynamic environment organisations need to focus on on the environment it operates in and have to react swiftly to the changes that occur by developing duologue strategies to stay ahead of competition. Strategy is embedded in any organisations planning process and without strategy the organisation will become a candidate for acquisitions or would become extinct.In this report we have crumbled the matter of DAVID OUT-NEGOTIATIONG GOLIATH APOTEX AND BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB, which is based on a real world scenario about the survival of two giants of the pharmaceutical industry at stake. Our main objective is to analyse the main conflicts and negotiation rejoinders which have arisen during the negotiation process between the two giants and also to look at how their internal objectives have driven them to the final result. Therefore, we reach some more external tuition about the elevant case to get a better background knowledge, and also we have analysed the main issues by reply the questions which have been brought up in the case. 2. 0 Initial Situation Case Analysis 2. 1 The History of Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS) In early 1887, William McL aren Bristol and John Rip ley Myers invested $5,000 into a failing drug manufacturing firm located in Clinton, New York. The follow was officially incorporated on December 13, 1887, and in May 1898 changed its name to the Bristol, Myers keep company.According to the records Bristol-Myers incorporate with Squibb in 1989 and created a global leader in the health care industry as Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). By this merger it created the worlds second-largest pharmaceutical enterprise. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, run into 2011) Today, Bristol-Myers Squibb has become iodine of the leading worldwide provider of anti-cancer therapies as fountainhead as a leader in the discovery and development of progressive treatments to fight heart disease, stroke, and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS. (http//www. awpagesociety. om/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, frame 2011) 2. 2 Peter R. Dolan Peter R. Dolan has received his BA from Tufts Universi ty in 1978, and his MBA from Dartmouth College in 1980. He began his occupational group at General Foods from 19831987, but by 1988 had transferred to BMS as Vice-President of Marketing. Dolan was named CEO in February 2001 and made Chairman of the Board in 2002. He was infamous within the company for setting Big Hairy Audacious Goals, such as his 2001 promise to double BMS revenues within five years. He regretted about that particular allegement, as 2002 sales totalled came down from $18. billion, which was 1% of a decrease from 2000. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 3 What is clopidogrel bisulfate? Plavix was a FDA-approved anti-platelet effortless medication that reduces the risk of heart attack. Plavix was brought to market through a partnership between Bristol-Myers Squibb and French drug studyr Sanofi-Aventis, the worlds third largest pharmaceutical company and the largest in Europe. Plavix 2005 global sales wer e $5. 9-billion, up more than 15% from 2004. According to Pharmaceutical Business Revenue and Data Monitor, sales were expected to peak at $6-billion in 2011. http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 4 Plavix Generic Drug Agreements In July 2006, BMS announced that the U. S. Justice Department was investigating the companys March 2006 reason with Canadian generic drug manufacturer Apotex. The symmetricalness was intended to delay the Apotexs release of an inexpensive generic version of Plavix. Under the terms of Bristol-Myers foolish agreement with Apotex, BMS offered Apotex $40 million to halt production of the generic Plavix until June 1, 2011.This date was five months before the Plavix patent was set to expire. Bristol-Myers also hold non to release its own non-branded Plavix until six months after Apotex began to sell its generic version of the blood thinner. When asked to approve the agreement, the U. S. Federal Trade Co mmission (FTC) and state Attorneys General objected to these provisions. They labelled the Bristol-Myers concession anti-competitive because it assured that Apotex would be the sole market vendor of cheap, generic Plavix for at least six months. So, Bristol-Myers Squibb agreed to pull up the anti-competitive provision from the contract.Nevertheless, the FTC began questioning Apotex regarding the revised agreement. During these questioning sessions, Apotex told the federal regulators that Bristol-Myers had given Apotex private assurance that it would not release a general version of Plavix to the market. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011) When the agreement did not receive approval, Apotex quickly introduced its generic version of Plavix (which had obtained FDA approval ear cunningr that year), and the drug became universally available in revered 2006.Apotex priced the generic version at an estimated 10 to 20 percent discount . Apotexs generic Plavix quickly gained 75% market trade of new prescriptions. at heart the month, Bristol-Myers Squibb was able to get a United States District Judge to order a temporary injunction halting further sales of the generic Plavix. However, the sound out did not order a recall of generic Plavix. The District Court ruled that Apotex had the legal right to sell its generic version of Plavix. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011)After only one month of generic Plavix competition, BMS was forced to reduce its 2006 earnings forecast by 25%. Bristol-Myerss reduced per share earnings estimate was below the company dividend, meaning that Bristol would be paying more to shareholders than it actually earned. In sum, over the five years of Dolans tenure, the product line price of Bristol-Myers Squibb had declined by over 60%. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011) 2. 5 Dol ans Fate On September 12, 2006, CEO Peter Dolan and General hash out Richard K.Willard were dismissed by the Bristol-Myers board. Dolan was replaced on an interim basis by James M. Cornelius, a Bristol-Myers director and former executive at Guiding Corporation. (http//www. awpagesociety. com/images/uploads/Case_FINAL3. pdf Accessed on 21, March 2011) 3. 0 Questions and Answers 3. 1 Q1) What principles of distributive Negotiation did Sherman use to gain his advantage? Negotiation occurs whenever two or more conflicting parties attempt to resolve their different goals by redefining the terms of their interdependence. In, Other Words, People negotiate when they think that iscussion can produce a more satisfactory arrangement (at least for them) in their flip of goods or services. ( McShane and Travaglione , 2003) A distributive negotiation is a type or process that normally entails a single issue to be negotiated. The single issue often involves price and frequently relates to the bargaining process. Also referred to as Win Lose, or Fixed Pie negotiation because one party generally gains at the disbursement of another party. (http//www. negotiations. com/ comment/distributive-negotiation/) Accessed on 27, March 2011)Despite the fact that BMS and Apotex entered the negotiation process, with the primary goal of achieving a Win-Win situation which will lead to an endogenetic negotiation. However according to our analysis we feel that the negotiation ended on a Win- Lose note, resulting in a distributive negotiation. Dr. Barry Sherman (Apotex) when negotiating with BMS, has used following distributive negotiation principles in order to achieve his Goals. Goal In this case scenario, Dr. Sherman wanted to direct the negotiation in a room that would maximise his benefits as much as possible.As an example, Dr. Sherman inserted a clause in the sens that would pick out the BMS to pay Apotex $60 Million IF FTC rejected the deal. Motivation and Focus When enga ge in distributive bargaining ones tactics are to focus on getting ones opponent to agree to ones specific target point or to get as closer as possible. (Robbins, 2005) I Win, You lose- where Apotexs win is at the expense of BMS. Further it could be noted that the outcome of the negotiation falls outside the BMSs resistance point indicating a total victory for Dr.Barry Sherman and Apotex . The two Companys being opposed to each other is another distributive negotiation characteristic seen throughout the situation where BMSs goal in this negotiation is to delay the launch of Apotexs generic competitor, where as Apotexs / Dr Shermans motive being its opposite. Information Sharing In this negotiation process information sharing was low. This was evident through the clause inserted in the deal, and also by Dr. Sherman not disclosing the preparation of launching the generic product before the agreed date.continuation of Relationship It is visible that the focus of the relationship betw een BMS and Apotex was Short Term mainly due to fact that Dr Sherman was aware of FTCs finale and the impact that would have on the negation process. 3. 2 Q2 ) Do you think Sherman behaved ethically? Why or why not? The answer to this question depends on a somebodys values, culture, and the situation. What might be refreshing in poker would probably not be acceptable in most backing situations. What might be acceptable in New York might not be acceptable in Ottawa.Different cultures and different situations contain inherent rules about the degree to which bluffing or preposteroushood is deemed acceptable. (**** I have attached another PDF this part is from that article) According to what we see, its not ethical to lie in a negotiation, but according to enquiry 28% of negotiators lie about a common interest issue during negotiations, while another study found that 100% of negotiations either failed to reveal a problem or actively lied about it during negotiations if they were n ot directly asked about the issue. Therefore we have an issue to recognize, when is a lie a lie?Some argue, when exaggerating, downplaying negatives, ignoring flaws, or saying I dont know we are lying, but today most businessmen look at this, not as unethical practices, but rather as indicators that a negotiator is Strong, Smart, or Savvy. (Robbins, 2005) When we look at this scenario, we cant agree that Dr. Shermans demeanor is ethical during the negotiation process he was indicating a trustworthy long term relationship towards BMS and indirectly influencing BMS to take certain actions emotionally (for example carrying out the negotiation at certain times without attorneys ).However in the meanwhile he gets ready to launch the product, which clearly explains the unethical behaviour and his attempt to misguide BMS. Further, another factor to be noted at the same time is if we want to survive in this highly competitive world, we have to be burnished enough to be professional and BMS being the initiator to the negotiation, should have known exactly what they signed. BMS being a large organisation, having the capacity, should have done their ground buy the farm prior going for the negotiations.Further, they could have appointed a negotiation panel rather than a one person, which would have increased the chances of winning. The question arisen is why BMSs industry knowledge and experience didnt warn them about the FTC decision. This clearly explains poor preparation and their underestimation of Dr Shermans negotiation tactics. We believe, Dr Sherman was being technically correct, that does not justify his behaviour as ethical. The question to argue is the acceptability of the tactics used by Dr Sherman in improving his chances of winning.We believe that winning a business negotiation is important, but winning by deceiving the other party is unethical. 3. 3 Q3) What does this incident tell you about the role of deception in negotiation? Deception is the use of false arguments that leads the other person to an incorrect conclusion. We can see these types of scenarios every day in business world, because when doing these types of important negotiations, we have to make sure, that we have our goals in the sight and work towards achieving it with a strong planned process, without getting carried over with emotional bonds or friendships.The BMS vs Apotex negotiation shows misrepresentation occurring in a negotiation, where a person deliberately takes a position on something which is not true in some way. Dr. Sherman deliberately misleads BMS showing them that, he is carrying out negotiations in order to come to a conclusive decision of delaying the launch of the generic product. However, while negotiations are being carried out, Dr Sherman plans to market and launch the generic product deceptively. By use of false arguments and providing not rue information, Dr Sherman misguides the other party in negotiation for a settlement offer. While sh owing an objective of achieving a Win Win solution, indicating a trustworthy relationship (which leads the executive of BMS, Bodnar keeping their attorneys out of the discussion in many instances during the negotiation process). Further Dr Sherman including a clause in the deal that would require BMS to pay Apotex $60 Million if FTC rejects the deal, believing that FTC would, further explains the deception in this negotiation process.A point to be noted is certain practices carried out by BMS was not professional (example Bodnar keeping the attorneys out of the negotiation) which might lead to further deception. BMS objective was to create a favorable position for themselves by trying to make Dr. Sherman agree to their conditions. Deception plays a major role in this negotiation process. Even though BMS and Apotex entered into negotiation with an objective of coming into a conclusive decision of delaying the launch and the settlement offer.However, the outcome of the negotiation wa s totally dependant on the deception played by the people involved in the negotiation and the negotiation process had a less impact on the final outcome. 4. 0 Conclusion In todays context, negotiation plays a vital role in any business organization and its challenges are growing. Every organization has their own goals to achieve, therefore its important to discuss and resolve conflicts arising by divergent goals. Negotiations are often complex, hence always demand preparation. Lack of preparation and not following a proper process will result in unbecoming and unexpected results.We can clearly see in the to a higher place analyzed Apotax vs BMS case, how important is to pay attention and how well we have to know the rules to play well in the field of negotiation, because even a small mistake can change the end result to a greater extend. We can see lap of similarities between this case and the story David vs. Goliath. As we know David was just a lad, representing the Israeli army and was confronted by a giant Goliath, representing the Philistine army. David managed to strategically lacing and destroy the giant Goliath.When relating the case and the story, Apotex (David) was approached by a corporate giant BMS (Goliath) to delay the launch of a competitive substitute. Goliath attempted to negotiate an agreement to hold back competition in the market. To be successful, David had to not only get their product into the market, but also to outnumber the giant. This deal brought a abundant win for David, because he was able to examine the issues and identify the opportunities he could gain from this negotiation and also he always had a clear goal and a vision to reach it.So in the end, David successfully launched Plavix generic product and capitalized on the downfall of Goliath to build Apotexs market share. In the above case, Goliath (BMS) forgot that they were involved in a business negation, and got carried away with emotions and wanted to have a long term business relationship with David (Apotex), which David used to his advantage. As professional business people we should always predict the worst possible outcome as well, before getting into this type of an immense business deal which involves lot of money, market share and specially reputation. Which affects the business bottom line and in turn risking stake holder funds or returns) MBS was over assured in going to the negotiations, because they thought they are a large company, as we see size does not matter, its what strategies you use to negotiate and you attentions to details and how well you prepare, that matters. BMS had the resources to win the negotiation, but was not prepared to use them effectively and efficiently, thats where they lost.Before getting in to a negotiation, we have to look at all of the implications of a deal, some(prenominal) for the ones self and the related party. To be successful, a deal has to make a Win Win situation to the both the parties. But he re, Goliath never considered about the economic reality, planning or preparing a negotiation agenda and also entered to the negotiation processes even without carrying out a proper background research. Today, we all go through negotiation in day-to-day life, because it has become a technicality which we use in a daily basis.So, when it comes to these types of immense deals, we have to make sure we follow a proper negotiation process which involves major steps of negotiation such as, preparation and planning, definition of ground rules, clarification and justification, bargaining and problem solving, closure and implementation. And also at the same time we should ensure that we make no mistake on our way forward achieving our objective. Further a factor which needs to be kept in our mind throughout our negotiation process is to achieve our goal in an ethical manner making sure we keep no space for others to deceive us. END OF REPORT

How does Act 1, Scene 1 prepare the audience for the love theme of Shakespeare’s “Twelfth Night”?

hazard 1, Scene 1 prepares the audience for the rest of Shakespeares Twelfth darkness by introducing the central theme of love which runs throughout the play. Orsino, Duke of Illyria is immediately established as one of the protagonists, and it is clear that love is all he is willing to calculate about.Orsino is indulging himself thinking of love, but he is preoccupied with his own reactions, and doesnt take into account those of the object of his affections, Olivia. He has declared his love for Olivia, which sets up the storyline in the midst of them.Love PoemFor Orsino it was love at com handscement ceremony sight, which he explains through metaphor when one of his Lords, Curio, tries to change the subject to pursuit. He explains by saying that when he starting line saw Olivia he was turned into a hart, and compares his desires for her to fell and cruel hounds that Eer since pursue me. Shakespeare has taken this idea from the Greek legend of Actaeon. In the legend, Actaeon w as out hunting when he came across Diana, God of Hunting, bathing naked in the river. She turned him into a stag, and then his own hounds hunted him down and killed him. Shakespeare has used this idea to verbalise Orsinos sense of self importance by how easily he can imagine himself in the role of Actaeon.Despite claiming to be this deeply in love, Orsino is send his courtiers to woo Olivia on his behalf. As he is the Duke, he doesnt go himself because he doesnt want to risk the embarrassment of being rejected in person.In the first scene Valentine returns from Olivias country estate with the response he received from her handmaid. He was not allowed in to talk to Olivia in person, as he was told Olivia was mourning the termination of her brother by refusing to leave the house for s even so years. He was told that for those seven years like a cloistress she will veiled walk and that once a day she would water her chamber round with eye offending brine. This means she was planning on wearing a veil as a c fall asleepd order nun would, and cry in her bedroom every day. To do this for seven years seems to be a disproportionately long time, at that time the more normal period of grieving was six months or a year. Olivia has plunged into grieving with the same haste as Orsino has into love.The way in which Olivia grieves is in stark contrast to that of the other female protagonist, genus Viola. At the time the play is set, it would have been hard to be an independent women, as most women were looked after by their husband, family or employer. Both Olivia and Viola have been put into this situation by the death of their brothers, but they both cope with it in different ways. While Olivia becomes withdrawn, Viola, although initially devastated, immediately takes constructive action to get out in the world and take control of her own well being. She constructs a plan with the help of the superior to become Cesario and disguise herself as a eunuch (a castrated male servant with a high pitched voice) to go to serve the Duke.You can evidence also Audience Adaptation PaperOlivia becomes dependant on the only remaining men in her life, but who are also the wrong multifariousness of men. These men are Malvolio, her head servant, her uncle Sir Toby Belch, a drunkard, and Sir Andrew Aguecheek, Sir Tobys idiotic friend who he has brought to the sign as a suitor for Olivia. She is letting her servants run the household for her and Sir Toby and Sir Andrew are getting away with the heavy drinking and irresponsible behaviour that would normally have got them thrown out the house. These are the only men she has seen since the death of her brother, so when she sees Viola/Cesario she falls for her, because compared to the men she has been with Viola/Cesario would seem to be perfect.One theme which is touched upon in the first scene and later on recurs throughout the play is that love is seen to be destructive. While in the first scene Orsino claims that when he first saw Olivia he thought she purged the air of pestilence, Olivia talks of the plague in Act 1, Scene 5 as destructive. She says even so quickly may one catch the plague? to submit Viola/Cesario that she is falling in love. By comparing it to the plague she shows she does not want to fall in love, but is going to do nothing to menstruation it as she says well, let it be.Another comparison made to illustrate loves destructiveness is with the sea. Orsino again uses metaphors to make his point, comparing love to the sea. He says that the spirit of love that thy capacity, Receiveth as the sea. What he means is that his love has the capacity of the sea, but nothing that enters retains its value, the sea and his love both destroying everything. He echoes this sentiment in Act 2, Scene 4 saying that his love is all as hungry as the sea, and can digest as much. In this scene, Shakespeare consciously echoes the quarrel of his opening theme.In Act 2, Scene 4, Orsino continues to ponder the nature of love as he does in Act 1, Scene 1. He is questioning Viola/Cesario on who it is she has loved. She is trying to hint that it is him by saying they are of his complexion and his years. Orsino thinks that men are fickle and that Viola/Cesario shouldnt love a woman elder than herself. He says our fancies are more giddy and unfirm, more longing, wavering sooner lost and worn, than womens are. He is saying that men are shallow, and that they will lose interest when a woman loses their looks, so men should always marry younger women.In Act 1, Scene 1, he shows how hard it is for him to keep interest, even when he is so in love it is all he can think about. The very first line of the play is If music be the fodder of love, play on. Orsino wants the music to stimulate thoughts of love, he wants more. In the last line of the scene this is also shown, when he says away before me to sweet beds of flowers love-thoughts breathe rich when canopied with bowers. He wants to maintain his heightened emotional state and he needs it to be artificially induced because eventually he will be doing it because he feels he has to, rather than because he wants to. He wants to continue in this state until The appetite may sicken and so die.